The Importance of Perspective In Understanding the Flat Earth Model, part 11

The Importance of Perspective In Understanding the Flat Earth Model, part 11

From the booklet: The Sea-Earth Globe and its Monstrous Hypothetical Motions: or Modern Theoretical Astronomy

1918

Note: Punctuation and grammar is as in the original.

THE SUN’S PERSPECTIVE DESCENT

The various branches of Truth are connected, so that if we find one important branch we can be led on to another; and similarly if we break off one branch we injure all. Compare Rom. Ii 20 and James ii. 10.

The question now arises, If the sun keeps at the same general height in its journey over the plane earth, why does it appear to go down and set? The student should again read the article on “Perspective, true and false,” and note especially rule 5 there given. A balloon sailing away high above an observer appears to descend as it recedes, although retaining the same altitude.

Referring to the above Fig. 22, an observer sitting inside a greenhouse, or conservatory, with a curved glass window, will see phenomena something like what is there depicted.

A represents the position of the observer, C the sun’s position at XII, noon, and the line C F the “elevation” of about one-fourth of its daily path. At 1-30 p.m. the sun arrives at D, making the angle d A B an angle of about 58° with the base line, already proved to be level.

At III. p.m. The sun arrives at E, making the angle 2 A B of 38°, or a descent from C of about 52°. at VI. p.m. The sun arrives at F, a distance from C of nearly three times its height, and the angle of its rays drops to about 22°, and sometimes to only 18°.

Thus the fact is made clear, that even by perspective alone the sun seems to drop almost to the horizon, while remaining at the same height. If the sun were a non-luminous body it would disappear sooner, as a balloon disappears. There are details which we cannot here stop to consider, such as variations in the time of sunset caused by alterations in its declination. The speed of the sun itself varies, hence we find a good clock sometimes aid to be “fast” and sometimes “slow,” according to the time of the year and the size of the sun’s circle over the earth. These are points which can be studied with the aid of a good astronomical almanac or ephemeris. But I may briefly intimate the general Law of Motion for celestial bodies.

As far back as the year 100 I published these Laws of Motion, which are much simpler than those of Kepler, which later astronomers have spoiled, as shewn in a previous article, and which we have altogether exploded.

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The Importance of Perspective In Understanding the Flat Earth Model, part 10

The Importance of Perspective In Understanding the Flat Earth Model, part 10

From the booklet: The Sea-Earth Globe and its Monstrous Hypothetical Motions: or Modern Theoretical Astronomy

1918

Note: Punctuation and grammar is as in the original.

THE SUN’S DISTANCE AND FOCUSSED IMAGE

In studying this part of the subject, we must distinguish between the focused Image of the sun, as sometimes seen refracted through the clouds, and that orb’s position as seen at non in a clear sky when there can be but little refraction Fig. 21 is a copy of a drawing I took years ago in Lat. 52 ° 38′ N. and Long. 1° 9′ W., when the sun’s rays were divided at an angle of about 90° . on one side they fell on a church, and on the other on a tree four miles away from the church.

The focussed Image, therefore, would be only about two miles high, a distane equal to C B, the base of a right-angled triangle.

Had anyone ascended in a balloon, the focus of the light would have receded upwards, as a rainbow recedes when an observer tried to approach it, the height of the bow depending upon the observer’s position and that of the sun. in judging the sun’s true distance we need a clear sky when the sun is on the meridian at noon.

Taking official figures, we find the latitude of the French Bordeaux (edge of the water) given as 45° N.; that is 2,700 miles north of the equator at a point in the same longitude, reckoning 60 miles to one degree. Now let us refer to the left half of Fig. 21.

At the time of the equinoxes, March 21 and September 24, the sun is directly over the equator in the longitude of Bordeaux at noon ©. thus we then obtain the right-angled triangle B C S, the sun’s vertical rays falling upon the point C, and making with the line CB (already proved to be level) the right-angle B C S.

Looking from Brodeaux towards the sun at mid-day we look along the line B S, making an angle of 45° with the base B C. now in every triangle the three angles are together equal to two right angles; hence the remaining angle B S C contains 45° , and is equal to the angle at B.

But as Euclid proves, when two angles of a triangle are equal, the sides subtending, or opposite them, are also equal; hence the base B C is equal to the perpendicular C S. In other words, the height of the sun above the flat earth is equal to the distance of Bordeaux from the equator in Africa, probably less, but certainly not more than, about 2,700 miles! Q.E.D.

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The Importance of Perspective In Understanding the Flat Earth Model, part 9

The Importance of Perspective In Understanding the Flat Earth Model, part 9

From the booklet: The Sea-Earth Globe and its Monstrous Hypothetical Motions: or Modern Theoretical Astronomy

1918

Note: Punctuation and grammar is as in the original.

The motion of the planets, as described in this series of article from an old flat earth booklet, how the moon, for example, would have to behave IF it was traveling round the earth WHILE the earth itself is travelling round the sun. This is accompanied by illustrations demonstrating the impossibility of such motions.

SUN’S SIZE

In books on astronomy we are gravely told that the sun is more than a million times larger than the sear-earth globe. The writers who make these extravagant assertions do not condescend to give us any good practical evidence in proof thereof. There authoritative assertions are supposed to be sufficient, in spite of good authorities against them, and the oppositions of “science” against “science.”

This was complained of long ago by intelligent men like John Wesley, who in his Journal expressed his disbelief in the theory of Copernicus and Newton. He wrote: –

“The more I consider them the more I doubt of all systems of astronomy. I doubt whether we can with certainty know either the distance or the magnitude of any star in the firmament. Else why do astronomers so immensely differ with regard to the distance of the sun from the earth, some affirming it to be only three and others ninety millions of miles.” – Journal, vol. IX., p. 392.

When doctors disagree, who shall decide? Our God-given senses, and a few practical observations. We have shewn that the moon is a faithful witness in the heavens, and we may find the sun’s testimony the same – two good witnesses when critically examined, both testifying against the extravagances of modern theories. Now look at Fig. 20.

Let an observer stand by night directly under a lamp-post; the light above him will cast no side shadow. If he moves northwards his shadow will fall towards the north; and if he goes south his shadow will fall southwards. If the light were extended by a number of gas jets above his head, say for ten feet, then on the observer moving that distance underneath he would still see no shadow. That is, the vertical rays of the light would cast no shadow for a distance equal to its own extent. Now apply this reasoning to the shadows of vertical objects cast by the sun’s rays.

In northern latitudes the shadows fall towards the north; and in souther towards the south. The declination of the sun varies from the tropic of Cancer, 23 ½ degrees N., to an equal declination south of the equator, the tropic of Capricorn. Between these extremes the sun is always, at noon, directly overhead in places with latitudes equal to his declinations, the variation in which is the cause of the varying seasons. In these places on land, or at sea, the sun casts no side shadow at non; and it has been found that this phenomenon extends for 32 miles. So that the column of the sun’s vertical rays is 32 miles across in every direction – a distance equal to the length of the solar diameter! And whether we take the surface of the sea as curved or horizontal, there would make little difference to the diameter, as many be seen on referring to Fig. 20.

During the Boer War Dr. Robertson, a medical gentleman, sailed with our troops from England to South Africa, and in 14 degrees N. latitude the vessel at noon came under the vertical rays of the sun. he discovered the fact above mentioned, and published it in a book he wrote. He was a globularist at the time; but as I lost touch with him soon after reading his book, I cannot say how his discovery affected his subsequent belief. It ought to have brought him into the ranks of planists (flat earthers, ed.); and I posed him some of our literature.

His book entitled The Mutual Relations of the Sun and the Earth. I do not now posses a copy, so I cannot quote directly from it, ad or space is very limited; but Dr. R., by diagrams and arguments, demonstrated that the diameter of the sun is only 32 miles across. Thus the sun is a small body as compared with the size of the earth; yet as compared with the planets it is a giant, and, as the Psalmist says, “a giant rejoicing to run his race!” (Psa. xix. 5).

The Nautical Almanac bears out the truth of the sun’s comparatively small size: it gives the sun’s semi-diameter as 16′ minutes of a degree. One degree of latitude is equal to 60 miless; and as there are 60 “minutes” to a degree, twice 16 minutes must be equal to 32 miles, the sun’s diameter by no less an authority than that of the navigator’s chief almanac!

We are aware of the usual astronomical quibble to get over this difficulty, another assumption, the sun’s immense distance; but whatever the distance may be the sun’s rays traverse it, and the column of vertical rays is only 32 miles across. The sun therefore witness to the truth of the Nautical Almanac – another “faithful witness to the heavens!” But luminous bodies often appear larger than they really are, as is sometimes illustrated by the old moon being “in the arms of the new.”

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Who is changing the beliefs and morals of Patriots today?

Who is changing the beliefs and morals of Patriots today?


How the beliefs of Patriots today is different from those of years ago.

If you have been in the Christian/Patriots movement for many years, you’ll know that there is a change in the beliefs and morals of people who say they are fighting for freedom. And this should not be IF we are standing for the truth. After all, truth never changes but lies do.

Old time Patriots were not afraid to say they were Christian but now you’d think this would be a taboo word. You hear the big name Patriots of today say, in one video, that they are Christians. They make this brief comment, then talk on other subjects and NOT bring up the word Christian, Christ or the Bible for many broadcasts. Why is it? Are they afraid that they might offend some agnostic person that’s a supporter? Or are they afraid to offend someone of another religion, such as the Jews? This was not say many years ago. Right-wing leaders of years ago would often call on the name of Christ several times in each talk but you don’t hear that today. So, how Christian are they?

There is some variation, of course, but basically, CP of years ago believed in:

  • the races are not all equal (except under the law)
  • the sodomy was evil
  • that Fascism and Communism were diametrically opposite
  • that they were against the Jews
  • that the holocaust never happened (in the context in which it is used today)
  • that non-white races and those of a different religion than Christianity should not be allowed in
  • that WWI and WWII was started by the Allies

There are more topics but this is enough for now.

The Christian/Patriots of today believe (with exceptions of course):

  • all races are equal
  • homosexuality is OK
  • Fascism and Communist are basically one and the same
  • that we should not be anti-Jewish
  • the holocaust happened and 6 million died
  • all races and religions should be allowed in
  • basically believe in the Allies’ history of WW II

Now, these are major changes in the way that Christian/Patriots believe, or what Patriots believe that are not Christian.

If you don’t know what CP believed in, then get your hands on old literature – if you can – of those who were in the freedom movement of, say, 50 years ago and find out more.

Yes, I know there are variations of the above beliefs but what I listed above do represent many people who call themselves Patriots. The thing I want to bring to your attention is that changes have been made in beliefs and this is not a good thing. After all, aren’t we all fighting for the truth? And, do you agree, that truth never changes? We agree that lies change but we are fighting against lies. So, how and when did this change come about? It did not come about from old CP as they would have told them why they believe in what they do. Therefore, the enemies of Christ had to have slipped in to make the changes.

  How can changes be made in the basic beliefs of CPs? My thoughts are this, now, I might be wrong but it makes sense. You promote some people who look and talk against the System and do have some good articles and videos. Then you promote them, give them the money they need so they become the “leader” and “spokesperson” of the political right.

“Repeat, rinse and wash” with another person who books himself as a Patriot. Make their name big, make a great website for them, have great internet marketing and before you know it – everyone is saying they are the leaders. Then, with the leaders established and expressing the morals that the enemies of Christ want them to express, others will more likely take the cue and repeat the same thing. For those that don’t, the “leaders” will tell you they are not Patriots but are fakes or just another extreme faction of the right-wing.

With the internet it’s much easier to spread false information around and it costs less, too. But I assure you that the morals that is expressed by the “big-wigs” in the political right are NOT what was expressed years ago.

The Communist murdered, Vladimir Lenin, said (paraphrasing), “If you want to control the opposition, you become the opposition.” Of course, you are really not acting against your own interest but just misguiding those who are, so your enemies will not be successful.

I can write more on this but it will have to be for another time. I just wanted to get his off to you now. And what prompted me doing this is, that just the other day Alex Jones was in the UK Daily Mail online version, saying, “that Alex Jones is a character actor” – this, according to the lawyer for Jones’ ex-wife. And, his ex-wife said that “Alex Jones is unstable.” Interesting!

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Is the Mexican-American Wall For Another Purpose?

Is the Mexican-American Wall For Another Purpose?


The real purpose of the Mexican-American Wall

We all heard about the wall Donald Trump wants to build and many people supported Trump for this idea. But, could the Mexican-American wall have another purpose – a sinister purpose? I got this thought after reading what policemen are doing in America – and it was frightening. Click Here for the article.

If you don’t have time to read the article, it’s about how policemen and custom agents are doing strip searchers and looking in your body cavities – all the suspicion of you carrying drugs. They are even doing this is in public when they stop you along the road side!

Now, we have all seen videos of police brutality when stopping people – some of the videos are from the police cars themselves. So, this is the next step – strip-down body searches along the road.

Trump supporters are now waking up that they have been conned from other things that he said during his campaign and what he is doing now. So could this be another con?

You can look at a wall from the perspective of:

Keep undesirables out

Keeping good people in

We have all took the Mexican-American Wall to keep the illegal/undesirables out. But what IF the real purpose is to keep people in? America can become so bad that even the illegal immigrants would want to get out!

Patriots know that America is a police state; and, like the Berlin Wall of Germany, it was used to keep people in. East Germany was a Communist police state, as you all know. So, the fact that you are living in a police state, wouldn’t you want it open ground to make your escape easier? Of course you would.

Say the situation gets worse in America and some of your options – such as boarding a plane as a means of leaving. Wouldn’t you want to have another avenue of escape? Wouldn’t you want to be able to cross the boarder on foot if need be? This is what thousands of Germans did before the Berlin Wall went up. Now, picture yourself trying to cross the Arizona desert when there is a 20 foot wall that is guarded; it would be very difficult if not impossible.

Literally, several million American had seen “the writing on the wall” years ago and are now living in another country where they have more freedom. But as more and more people wake up, the majority will try to leave when it’s too late, as there will be a huge wall in front of them.

For those who say, “How do you keep the illegals out then?” I say it’s very easy but no one wants to talk about it because it’s not “politically correct” and that is – don’t offer any benefits to them, period! And, have requirements for residency that you have to have enough money to live there. That is why we have people flooding our boarders – because we are giving them welfare money, free health care, schooling and housing. Cut that off, and you will not have the people coming over. You will also have open land that is not marred by a big ugly wall. Many years ago, America did not have an illegal immigration problem (very little, if you want to pick on the details). And we did this without a wall. So, we can do the same thing today.

In the meantime, have your bags packed, make a plan and be ready to run! And I’ll meet you on the other side – of the boarder that is 🙂

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The Importance of Perspective In Understanding the Flat Earth Model, part 8

The Importance of Perspective In Understanding the Flat Earth Model, part 8

From the booklet: The Sea-Earth Globe and its Monstrous Hypothetical Motions: or Modern Theoretical Astronomy

1918

Note: Punctuation and grammar is as in the original.

The motion of the planets, as described in this series of article from an old flat earth booklet, how the moon, for example, would have to behave IF it was traveling round the earth WHILE the earth itself is travelling round the sun. This is accompanied by illustrations demonstrating the impossibility of such motions.

SUBTLE SINUOSITIES

In Fig. 18 we have shewn that the moon’s monthly motions would be exceedingly erratic if the moon had to revolve all round a rapidly moving earth, for sometimes it would have to get right in front of the globe, otherwise it could not travel all round that body.

Yet the moon’s daily motion of about twelve or thirteen degrees is always “direct” through the zodiacal signs; and it never varies more than two or three degrees. But if the sun, by some astounding “pulling” powers, and without any physical fastenings or connections, can drag after it, in its vast and unknown journey into boundless space, all the planets, the globe and the moon; then these bodies, and especially the latter, should always be found in the rear.

In this case the moon would never really travel round the earth at all, neither in a circle, nor in a spiral, nor an ellipse; but its movements would manifest a series of serpent-like sinuosities as found above in Fig. 19. thus again we find that the lunar orbit, under this extravagant theory, would be most unnatural and erratic. Its form may intimate its origin!

Yet the moon’s actual movements, as given in a practical almanac like the Nautical Almanac, are fairly regular and uniform, again proving the discrepancy which exists between practical astronomy as used by navigators, and theoretical astronomy as taught to landsmen in the schools and colleges.

With natural and practical astronomy we not only have no quarrel, but we have had great pleasure in its study for more than fifty years; but with the ever-changing unnatural and infidel speculations of the schools true Bible Christians will wage undying warfare.

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The Importance of Perspective In Understanding the Flat Earth Model, part 7

The Importance of Perspective In Understanding the Flat Earth Model, part 7

From the booklet: The Sea-Earth Globe and its Monstrous Hypothetical Motions: or Modern Theoretical Astronomy

1918

Note: Punctuation and grammar is as in the original.

CYCLOIDAL CURVES

And what about the altered orbit of the globe? Instead of an ellipse it is “now” a cycloidal curve (as represented by the thick line in figure 18), and a curve shewing that the globe must have reversed motion at each end of the cycle, as it travels from left to right.

Let the monthly positions of the globe be represented in Fig. 18 by the heavier dots, and it will be seen that, in relation to the sun’s corresponding positions, that orb would sometimes appear to be “stationary” in the zodiac, and at other times even “retrograde!” This of itself is sufficient utterly to discredit the new and latest theory of globular motion; for the sun’s “apparent motion” through the twelve signs of the zodiac in uniformly “direct,” as any good ephemeris of the Nautical Almanac will show.

As to the path of the moon, it is more tortuous than ever, as indicated by the dotted cycloids in the above diagram. But it would require further, and larger, diagrams to expose in detail this monstrous motion and movements; and our space is limited. Suffice it here to say that diagram 18 represents the moon getting in advanced of the globe, once every month; which would compel it to move at such an awful rate, that the magnitude and duration of lunar eclipses would be enormously altered and lessened. Yet such eclipses were correctly calculated long before the time of Herschell and Co.

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The Importance of Perspective In Understanding the Flat Earth Model, part 6

The Importance of Perspective In Understanding the Flat Earth Model, part 6


From the booklet: The Sea-Earth Globe and its Monstrous Hypothetical Motions: or Modern Theoretical Astronomy

1918

Note: Punctuation and grammar is as in the original.

A GREAT GASH IN THE ELLIPSE

fig. 18

After belauding Kepler for his elliptical orbits and giving him “immortal glor,” Sir Robert Ball shews, in his romance called the Story of the Heavens, that another astronomer, and a greater than Kepler, soon after came along and ruthlessly ripped open the Keplerian skin bottle, thus spilling the gravitation wine which was supposed to be stored therein! Sic transit gloria mundi!

Our friend Robert, quite unabashed, tells us in his heavenly “story” that Sir William Herschell was the fist to solve “the noble problem” as to whether the sun was really at rest in the middle of the solar system, or “whether the whole system, sun planets and all, is not moving on bodily through space?”

So that after all Kepler’s invention did not settle this “noble problem,” which was left for another to grapple with; and this one has, for the time being, “settled it,” that the sun is rushing us all through space, at a terrible rate, towards a distant star, millions and millions and millions of miles away, to Lambda Hercules! A romance worthy of that classical giant whose “twelve labours,” though great, were nothing compared to the labours “now” imposed on the sun-god through the twelve signs of the zodiac. For in the words of our great story teller, we are assured that

“The sun and his system are NOW hastening towards a point of the heavens near the star Delta Lyae. The velocity with which the motion is performed corresponds to the magnitude of the system. Quicker than the swiftest rifle bullet that was ever fired the SUN, bearing with it the Earth and all the other planets, is NOW speeding onwards…Every half-hour we are about 10,000 miles nearer the constellation of Lyrae. (Italics, etc., mine.) – Story of the Heavens, p. 429.

In common parlance we may say that this is “a stretcher!” But what about Kepler’s elliptical orbit? There is “now” a great gash in it, 175,000,000 of miles wide equal to the sun’s present annual journey. Such a gash is surely fatal!

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The Importance of Perspective In Understanding the Flat Earth Model, part 5

The Importance of Perspective In Understanding the Flat Earth Model, part 5

From the booklet: The Sea-Earth Globe and its Monstrous Hypothetical Motions: or Modern Theoretical Astronomy

1918

Note: Punctuation and grammar is as in the original.

The motion of the planets, as described in this series of article from an old flat earth booklet, how the moon, for example, would have to behave IF it was traveling round the earth WHILE the earth itself is travelling round the sun. This is accompanied by illustrations demonstrating the impossibility of such motions.

The earth’s Supposed Elliptical Orbit

The form of an ellipse is taken from the circumference of a conic section cut obliquely, by a plane passing through both sides of the cone, and not parallel to the circular base. If cut parallel to the base it makes, of course, circle, which decreases in size as it approaches the top point of the cone.

The ellipse is something like a circle which as been more or less flattened on opposite sides; but it is not like the circle in having only one centre, for it has two points or foci in the longer diameter, from which it can be constructed. Each of these points is at an equal distance from the centre of the figure. We are not told how the circle got flattened!

Fig. 17

The ellipse since Kepler’s time has long been supposed to represent the earth’s annual orbit round the sun; and though the latest “new astronomy” has broken open Kepler’s closed ellipse, yet astronomers keep up the fiction of “elliptical orbits,” rather than openly confess the great change which has taken place in their views of planetary motion. The great German astronomer Kepler was born in the year 1571 A.D., and he invented and formulated his Laws of Motion between 1609 A.D. And 1618 A.D. He taught that the earth’s orbit was an ellipse, with the sun in “one of the foci, and a little over twelve millions of miles from the earth. The other focus was left empty, and it has been “to let” ever since” modern astronomers have lengthened the sun’s distance by nearly a hundred millions of miles, which has necessarily increased the earth’s supposed orbit more than three hundred millions of mile! But this ugly fact is not acknowledged nor permitted to detract from the great name of Kepler, lest it might also reflect upon the “science” of astronomy; for in this “exact science” the alteration of millions of miles is “a meter detail!”

Sir Robert Ball, in his Stry of the Heavens – and a big story it is too! – says of this problems that Kepler “to his immortal glory succeeded in solving and proving it to demonstration”! The select “Royal Astronomical Society” is evidently a Mutual Admiration Society, if nothing else!

Further on Sir Robert says that “Kepler’s discovery (invention?) of the true shape of the planetary orbits stands out as one of the most conspicuous events in the history of astronomy” So say all of us!

Great astronomers are not always good logicians, so Sir Robert further eulogises Kepler in these words: –

“Kepler found that the movement (movements?) of the planets could be explained by SUPPOSING that the path in which each one moved (moves?) was (is?) all ellipse. This (supposition) in itself was a discovery of the most commanding importance.” (Italics mine, and parenthesis.) – Story of the Heavens, p. 110.

The above confession refutes itself; but we may point out that the idea, belauded by Mr. Ball, is based on four suppositions or hypotheses: – (1) That the sea-earth is globular; (2) that the sea-earth ball is a planet, or wandering star, amongst “other” heavenly bodies; (3) that the sun is stationary in “one of the foci”; and (4) that the orbit of the earth annually round the sun makes a closed ellipse!

Assumption after assumption; and the fourth one spoiled and quietly discarded by later astronomers, as D.V. We shall show later on! But let us here refer to the above diagram (fig. 17).

The thick line A D B E represents an ellipse all closed in; and S the place of the sun in one of the foci of the longer diameter. The heavier dots on the ellipse may whew the earth’s hypothetical positions for the different months of the year. Now astronomers admit that the moon travels round the earth once a month,while the globe is going round the sun. what then should be the path of the moon? Neither a circle nor an ellipse; but a series of cycloidal curves, a sinuosity like the track of the serpent! But my limited space demands brevity.

Look at the curve and study it, and you will find out some curious phenomena which the moon ought to manifest if there theories were true; but which she, in spite of her supposed fickleness, refuses to manifest. Trace out the path of the moon though the various signs of the zodiac, in relation to the sun’s fixed position. The moon would sometimes very slow – sometimes actually appearing retrograde!

Yet the daily speed of the moon never varies more than two or three degrees, and the moon’s motion is always “direct” through the twelve signs – justifying the inspired statement of the Psalmist that the moon is “the faithful witness in the sky” (Psa. Lxxxix. 37).

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The Importance of Perspective In Understanding the Flat Earth Model, part 4

The Importance of Perspective In Understanding the Flat Earth Model, part 4

From the booklet: The Sea-Earth Globe and its Monstrous Hypothetical Motions: or Modern Theoretical Astronomy

1918

Note: Punctuation and grammar is as in the original.

CIRCUMNAVIGATION

Many people foolishly imagine that ships can sail in a straight line due E. or W.; but if a line be drawn all round a sphere, it would make a circle, a chalk mark round a football for instance. A circle is not a straight line, as I once had reason to remind an educated gentleman in a public debate. He was known, too, as “the Leicester astronomer!”

In the above figure the magnetic north “pole” is represented at N; and if a ship, sailing round the outer circumference, keeps the point of the compass always towards N and steers at right-angles to it the course described will be a circle.

A small flat island could be circumnavigated in the same way, with a powerful magnet in the middle of the island; the ship thus describing a circle. But if a vessel took a straight line course from A, it would sail in the south-westerly direction towards S.W.

On a globe it would be impossible for the horizontal needle always to point to the north magnetic “pole” from different parts of a spherical sea, as anyone many prove by laying a needle at various points as a tangent to a large ball. But on a flat surface the needle always points to the centre while the ship describes a circle – which doubt fact not only again explodes the globular theory, but establishes the truth of a plane earth and sea!

We have years ago many times pointed out this fact in our literature, and as a result one professor has had the honesty to make the following confession: –

“The earth has been circumnavigated a great many times…We can (we could?) journey round the globe, sometimes travelling on land, and sometimes on the sea…This would appear to be a certain proof that the earth’s surface is curved. Nevertheless it has been pointed out that circumnavigation would be possible if the earth had A FLAT SURFACE with the north magnetic pole at its centre. A compass needle the, would always point to the centre of the surface, and so a ship might sail due east and west, as indicated by the compass, and eventually return to the same point by describing a circle.” (Caps mine.) – Prof. R. A. Gregory, F.R.A.S., Elementary Physiography.

Yet, thoughtless teachers still refer to the schoolboy proof that circumnavigation proves the earth a globe!

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