Levels of The Seas in Relation to Each Other

Levels of The Seas in Relation to Each Other

 

suez canal

Suez Canal

You have hear the saying, “Let them have plenty of rope, and they will hang themselves.” The proceedings of long ago reveals such a case. In Parliamentary reports of a discussion in 1867, on the Suez Canal question; I find that after a long discussion they concluded that there was not a difference of 30 feet but only of 2 feet 6 inches between the level of the two seas (referring to the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. But the Astronomer Royal said that he was toterable familiar with the work in France which was drawn up by the joint commission of Engineers of which the late Mr. Stevenson was one, and his impression was, that after correcting the enormous errors in previous surveys, he found no perceptible difference in the man level of the two seas! He would e glad to be certified whether there was, in fact, a difference of 2 feet 6 inches between the mean levels. In reply Sir W. Denison said, he was assured by the French engineers on the works, that the MEAN LEVEL OF THE TWO SEAS WAS THE SAME. (Mediterranean and Red Sea.) in the Echo of June 6th 1887, I read, “In the report on the Panama Canal submitted to the Academy of Sciences by Mr. Bouguet de la Grye, who is, says the Times Paris Correspondent, “the highest authority in such questions,” he states that it would be quite useless to construct locks. HE REMARKS THAT NO DIFFERENCE OF LEVEL CAN EXIST BETWEEN THE ATLANTIC AND THE PACIFIC.

(Locks have been built in the Panama Canal – not because of a difference in sea levels but because of having to go over higher elevations of land. Whereas the Suez Canal, the land is level, and, thus, there are no locks. Ed.)

Respecting the Baltic and North Sea Canal, we are informed that THE SURFACE OF THE TWO SEAS ARE LEVEL. Next we have to report of recent levelling operations carried on in Russia. See Daily Chronicle, Feb. 12th, 1895, in which we read, “The deadly flatness of the great plain of Russia is remarkable shown by the levelling operations now completed.” Accurate observations were made at 1,090 stations, yet the highest point noted was 1,086 feet. A more important though less expected result was THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE IDENITITY OF LEVEL BETWEEN THE BALTIC, BLACK, AND AZOFF SEAS. Well, if the Mediterranean, the Red Sea, the Atlantic, the Pacific, the Baltic, North Sea, Black Sea and the Sea of Azoff are level; we may soon have to ask where we are to find rotundity. We may have to wait for an answer as notwithstanding these surprising discoveries of level surfaces, no doubt ships will still follow the natural order of things, and on these level surfaces disappear as heretofore, viz., “Hull first.”

Yours truly,

R. Alfrey

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History of Astronomy from the Roman Empire to the Present, Part 1

Kings Dethroned

History of Astronomy from the Roman Empire to the Present, Part 1

A history of the evolution of astronomy from the time of the Roman Empire up to the present day; showing it to be an amazing series of blunders founded upon an error made in the second century B.C.

By GERRARD HICKSON

PREFACE

In the year 1907 the author made a remarkable discovery which convinced him that the sun was very much nearer to the earth than was generally supposed. The fact he had discovered was demonstrated beyond all doubt, so that he was compelled to believe that— however improbable it might seem— astronomers had made a mistake when they estimated the distance of the sun to be ninety-three millions of miles.

He then proceeded to examine the means by which the sun’s distance had been computed, and found an astounding error in the “ Diurnal Method of Measurement by Parallax,” which had been invented by Dr. Hailey in the early part of the i%th century, and which was used by Sir David Gill in measuring the distance to the planet Mars in 1877 ; from which he deduced his solar parallax of 8.80″.

Seeing that Sir Norman Lockyer had said that the distance to and the dimensions of everything in the firmament except the moon depends upon Sir David Gill’s measurement to Mars, the author set himself the tremendous task of proving the error, tracing its consequences up to the present day, and also tracing it backwards to the source from which it sprang.

The result of that research is a most illuminating history of the evolution of astronomy from the time of the Roman Empire up to April 1922 ; which is now placed in the hands of the people in “Kings Dethroned.”

The author has taken the unusual course of submitting these new and startling theories for the consideration of the general public because the responsible scientific societies in London, Washington and Paris, failed to deal with the detailed accounts of the work which he forwarded to them in the Spring of 1920. He believes that every newly-discovered truth belongs to the whole of mankind, wherefore, i f those whose business it is to consider his work fail in their duty he does not hesitate to bring it himself direct to the people, assured of their goodwill and fair judgment.

Astronomy has ever been regarded as a study only for the few, but now all its strange terms and theories have been explained in the most lucid manner in “ Kings Dethroned,” so that everyone who reads will acquire a comprehensive knowledge of the science.

The author takes this opportunity of assuring the reader that none esteems more highly than he, himself, the illustrious pioneers who devoted their genius to the building of astronomy, for he feels that even while pointing out their errors he is but carrying on their work, striving, labouring even as they did, for the same good cause of progress in the interests of all. On the other hand, he thinks that astronomers living at the present time might have used to better purpose the greater advantages which this century provides, and done all that he himself has done by fearless reasoning, devoted labour ; and earnest seeking after truth.

G. H.

Chapter One

WHEN THE WORLD WAS YOUNG THREE thousand years ago men believed the earth was supported on gigantic pillars. The sun rose in the east every morning, passed overhead, and sank in the west every evening; then it was supposed to pass between the pillars under the earth during the night, to re-appear in the east again next morning.

This idea of the universe was upset by Pythagoras some five hundred years before the birth of Christ, when he began to teach that the earth was round like a ball, with the sun going round it daily from east to west; and this theory was already about four hundred years old when Hipparchus, the great Greek scientist, took it up and developed it in the second century b.c. Hipparchus may be ranked among the score or so of the greatest scientists who have ever lived. He was the inventor of the system of measuring the distance to far off objects by triangulation, or trigonometry, which is used by our surveyors at the present day, and which is the basis of all the methods of measuring distance which are used in modern astronomy. Using this method of his own invention, he measured from point to point on the surface of the earth, and so laid the foundation of our present systems of geography, scientific map-making and navigation.

It would be well for those who are disposed to under-estimate the value of new ideas to consider how much the world owes to the genius of Hipparchus, and to try to conceive how we could have made progress— as we know it— without him.

  The principles of triangulation are very simple, but because it will be necessary— as I proceed— to show how modern astronomers have departed from them, I will explain them in detail.

Every figure made up of three connected lines is a tri— or three-angle, quite regardless of the length of any of its sides. The triangle differs from all other shapes or figures in this;— that the value of its three angles, when added together, admits of absolutely no variation ; they always equal 180 degrees; while — on the other hand— all other figures contain angles of 360 degrees or more. The triangle alone contains 180 degrees, and no other figure can be used for measuring distance. There is no alternative whatever, and therein lies its value.

It follows, then, that if we know the value of any two of the angles in a triangle we can readily find the value of the third, by simply adding together the two known angles and subtracting the result from 180.

The value of the third angle is necessarily the remainder. Thus in our example (diagram 2) an angle of 90 degrees plus an angle of 60 equals 150, which shows that the angle at the distant object— or apex of the triangle—must be 30.

 

  Now if we know the length of the base-line A— B, in feet, yards, kilometres or miles, (to be ascertained by actual measurement), and also know the value of the two angles which indicate the direction of a distant object as seen from A. and B., we can readily complete the triangle and so find the length of its sides. In this way we can measure the height of a tree or church steeple from the ground level, or find the distance to a ship or lighthouse from the shore.

The reader will perceive that to obtain any measurement by triangulation it is absolutely necessary to have a base-line, and to know its length exactly. It is evident, also, that the length of the base-line must bear a reasonable proportion to the dimensions of the triangle intended; that is to say,— that the greater the distance of the object under observation the longer the base-line should be in order to secure an accurate measurement.

A little reflection will now enable the reader to realize the difficulties which confronted Hipparchus when he attempted to measure the distance to the stars.

It was before the Roman Conquest, when the geography of the earth was but little known, and there were none of the rapid means of travelling and communication which are at our disposal to-day.

Moreover, it was in the very early days of astronomy, when there were few— if any— who could have helped Hipparchus in his work, while if he was to make a successful triangulation to any of the stars it was essential that he should have a base-line thousands of miles in length, with an observer at each end; both taking observations to the same star at precisely the same second of time.

The times in which he lived did not provide the conveniences which were necessary for his undertaking, the conditions were altogether impossible, and so it is not at all surprising that he failed to get any triangulation to the stars. As a result he came to the conclusion that they must be too far off to be measured, and said “ the heavenly bodies are infinitely distant.”

Such was the extraordinary conclusion arrived at by Hipparchus, and that statement of his lies at the root of astronomy, and has led its advocates into an amazing series of blunders from that day to this.

The whole future of the science of astronomy was affected by Hipparchus when he said “the heavenly bodies are infinitely distant,” and now, when I say that it is not so, the fate of astronomy again hangs in the balance. It is a momentous issue which will be decided in due course within these pages.

The next astronomer of special note is Sosigenes, who designed the Julian Calendar in the reign of Caesar. He saw no fault in the theories of Hipparchus, but handed them on to Ptolemy, an Egyptian astronomer of very exceptional ability, who lived in the second century a.d.

Taking up the theories of his great Greek predecessor after three hundred years, Ptolemy accepted them without question as the work of a master; and developed them. Singularly gifted as he was to carry on the work of Hipparchus, his genius was of a different order, for while the Greek was the more original thinker and inventor the Egyptian was the more accomplished artist in detail; and the more skillful in the art of teaching. Undoubtedly he was eminently fitted to be the disciple of Hipparchus, and yet for that very reason he was the less likely to suspect, or to discover, any error in the master’s work.

In the most literal sense he carried on that work, built upon it, elaborated it, and established the Ptolemaic System of astronomy so ably that it stood unchallenged and undisputed for fourteen hundred years; and during all those centuries the accepted theory of the universe was that the earth was stationary, while the sun, moon, stars and planets revolved around it daily.

Having accepted the theories of Hipparchus in the bulk, it was but natural that Ptolemy should fail to discover the error I have pointed out, though even had it been otherwise it would have been as difficult for him to make a triangulation to the stars in the second century a.d., as it had been for the inventor of triangulation himself three hundred years earlier. However, it is a fact that he allowed the theory that “the heavenly bodies are infinitely distant” to remain unquestioned; and that was an error of omission which was ultimately to bring about the downfall of his own Ptolemaic system of astronomy.

 

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So Called Wealthiest Countries in the World

So Called Wealthiest Countries in the World

Fewer people are going to the malls.

  We have all heard about the first world countries and how they are better than the rest of the world. Such countries are, for example, Germany, England and the United States. We are told that they are the richest countries. Again, notice the keywords, “we are told.” Of course, we are told a lot about the earth and the universe that we have known that to be a lie; that the earth is, in fact, really flat. For example “what we are told” about the richest countries – namely the first world countries.

Is America, for example, one of the richest countries (if not the richest)? Many people would say yes. They will tell you to look at the cars, homes and buildings. And, of course, look at the military – it’s the largest in the world.

I agree that there are more expensive cars, homes and buildings of all kinds. And I agree that we have the biggest and most expensive military. But I would like to tell you a story…

There was a man called Tom and he has a big BMW that cost him $40,000 and lives in the wealthiest section of town in a $500,000 home. He has two kids that are going to college and they all go on holiday to the Caribbean each year.

Then, there is Ken who has a 10 year old Ford and lives in a small three bedroom home in the lower middle class side of town. His two kids are working; they also go on holiday and stay in a cabin in the Pocono Mountains of Pennsylvania.

Soon your mall will look like this. Is this a sign of a wealthy nation? I don’t think so.

So, who is rich? Many would think that it’s Tom. But it’s not, it’s Ken. The reason is simple – just about everything that Tom “owns” is really owned by the banks; this money was borrowed from them. He has a mortgage of $350,000, he has a car loan of $30,000 (he did have money to put down on it); his two kids have students loans; finally, half his vacation was on the credit cards.

Ken, on the other hand has an old car but he owes nothing on it. His small house is also paid for. The kids are working and saving money and have no student loans. Finally, what they spend on holiday is money they saved.

If Tom loses his job he might only have one month before he is facing bankruptcy; a few more months and his family will be out on the street. Ken, on the other hand, has a nice investment and money in the bank. If he loses his job, he can survive until he finds another job.

So, who really is richer? The answer is obvious. What Tom has is “all show” but there are loans on everything he has. So it is when looking at countries.

What Americans own is mostly owned by the bankers; the same for the businesses. Finally, the huge military of the U.S. is all on borrowed money – along with everything else the U.S. Government does. When I was growing up I was told that debt is debt, it’s not money in the bank; it’s a loan and not an asset. We all know that the United States has the largest debt in the world – something like $20 trillion and that doesn’t count private and corporate debt. So, even another nation that has a debt of $500 billion, for example, is not in the red as much as the U.S. Yet, people known the national debt of the U.S., but they still talk about it as being the richest nation on earth. It is not – it’s the most in debt nation. When the international bankersters call in the loans, that’s when the people will finally wake up to see that America is the poorest nation on earth (they just have the richest bankers from the usury charged). Yes, the banks do have collateral on what the U.S. borrowed, but since all the assets do not cover the loans issued, the government goes to the citizens to tax them for what they can.

You don’t want to be living in a “rich” country when the bankersters call in the loans. You’ve seen what Greece has been through – it probably will be worse for Americans. When there is no money to buy food, when people don’t have homes and other necessities of life – things will get mean and nasty. When you consider that blacks, Mexicans and Muslims have been taught to hate Whitie and that everything wrong with society is because of the White race, there will be a race war. Whereas, in other countries where there more or less one race in the nation, there will not be a race war to the extent that will come to America. It’s one thing to have to go through austerity but quite another thing when there is a race war and White Christians have to fight off the heathens in the land.

No, the sad fact is we live in a very poor nation. The only difference is that we got more loans to buy more luxury items. And it’s these “toys” that people see when they judge the wealth of their neighbour or their nation. But there is a loan attached to each item that they don’t see!

 

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Talk on Gravitation, Part 5

Talk on Gravitation, Part 5

Isaac Newton’s Invention of Laws

  No wonder that Julius Silversmith, Esq., M.A., said “So far as mathematical astronomy is based upon mathematics alone, and draws ALL ITS CONCLUSIONS from ASSUMED data, such conclusions cannot be natural and true, but are simply artificial and delusive. Newton was pre-eminent in his ability to decipher objects and INVENT ‘laws’ that were not in existence and his followers have relied upon their seeming accuracy, simply because they could be illustrated by lines and figures, by clockwork and machinery, by pictures and pasteboard. Such is really the case with his theories of attraction and gravitation.”

“In elementary Works on the motion of the Planets are given elaborate diagrams borrowed from Newton’s Principia, for the purpose of demonstrating the law of centripetal and centrifugal forces; and any student who masters these diagrams fancies’ that they conclusively prove the truth of the theory.

Our student, however, acts under the same erroneous impression as that which governed the mind of Sir Isaac Newton, as in his time there did not exist sufficient scientific knowledge to expose the fallacies o f the data. Newton asserted theoretically that which is practically impossible, viz., firstly, that there could be centrifugal force developed by one body revolving round another when the two bodies were not MECHANICALIC UNITED; and, secondly, that this centrifugal force was so exactly a counterpoise to gravitation, that an increase of velocity in the revolving body towards the gravitating direction was sufficient to prevent gravity (gravitation) becoming triumphant and thus drawing the revolving body out of its orbit altogether!

  Centrifugal force can only be developed in a body revolving on its own centre or round another body to which is MECHANICALLY ATTACHED…The problem with which Newton attempted to grapple was to discover the forces and laws which govern the movements of the heavenly bodies. He signally failed in solving the mystery. To get his rotatory movement he was obliged to resort to the clumsy invention of a centrifugal force, which under the circumstances stated is an impossibility. In spite of Newton’s demonstration, it is quite certain that the falling of a stone to the earth is not a phenomenon similar to the motion of the Moon in its orbit: the phenomena bear not the slightest resemblance to each other, nor can they in any true sense be attributed to the same cause . . . The great ‘discovery’ of Newton, viz., ‘universal gravitation,’ thus appears destined to share the fate of the large majority of human inventions, and to take its place with other antiquated ideas in the museum of the extinct system of a progressive science (so-called).

The ridiculous Newtonian idea of the Sun being a fiery furnace; and the notion that the movement of the heavenly bodies is caused by universal gravitation modified by what is popularly known as centrifugal force, are part of the ignorance, almost monkish, of the age in which such teaching were accepted.

The time has surely come when we ought to discard our cant respecting the wonderful reputation of Sir Isaac Newton, and be content to regard him simply, as a mathematician and scientist, scarcely as a philosopher.

Isaac Newton would fit in perfectly with today’s scientists of the modern era where, they are technically scientists, BUT they will sell out and distort figures and back outlandish theories – all for the sake of the masters they serve. Here is a case where a person can be a genius on one hand and an idiot on the other; where a person can be a saint at times and a devil at other times. Perhaps the mindset of greedy executives today can be traced back to the time of Isaac Newton, where someone of brilliance established himself, got a following, then was able to lead his followers down the wrong path.

His treatment of Flamstead and Leibnitz prove him to be morally a very sublunary mortal indeed; and I am inclined to think that if his little pet dog had destroyed a great deal more of his work, the animal would have done the world no disservice.

I should be sorry to violate Sydney Smith’ s injunction, and ‘speak disrespectfully of the equator,’ but I am compelled to speak very disrespectfully of gravitation, and of its principal expounder, Sir Isaac Newton. He is popularly, but erroneously, supposed to have been the discoverer of gravitation, but the fact is he was only its systematizer. His hypotheses or rather paradoxes are no longer alive; they may now be embalmed and buried in the consecrated ground of an Encyclopaedia. The attempt to perpetuate them can only be a stumbling- Lock in the path of true science. I have already shewn— or striven to show— that his system teems with fallacies; and must be exploded. It is not sufficient reply to say that mathematicians of the highest eminence have accepted it and demonstrated its verity. Mathematicians can demonstrate anything IF YOU grant THEM THE DATA WHICH THEY REQUIRE, and from which they must start ; in this case the question is, whether the Newtonian data are correct Mathematicians enjoy no immunity from error any more than any other class of reasoners. Professor Thorold Rogers remarked of mathematicians, that ‘they were generally dunces;’ and of one very distinguished mathematician it was said that ‘he had a very narrow escape of being an idiot.’ But the fact is, mathematics has nothing to do with proving or disproving the Newtonian theories, which are merely AN ERRONEOUS METHOD OF EXPOUNDING CERTAIN PHENOMENA OF NATURE.”

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Talk on Gravitation, Part 4

Talk on Gravitation, Part 4

Universal Gravitation, a Pure Assumption

Yes, the Bible does “ teach that the world is flat ” approximately; and consequently there is no need of “the law o f gravitation” to “draw everything to the centre.” But is this teaching of the Bible — absolutely true? Yes, and the scientists themselves tacitly admit the fact when they declare that “the upper surface of a fluid at rest under the action of gravity alone is a horizontal plane, since otherwise, if a part o f the surface were higher than the rest,”— don’t you see it? This is a tacit acknowledgement that the world is NOT A GLOBE!! If the World were a Globe, then of necessity “a part of the surface ” MUST be “higher than the rest’’ for as they themselves have owned, “whichever way you go on a Globe you must go down’’ therefore one part must be higher than the other, and that part is the observer’s standpoint. But, be it remembered, that where there is a “down” there must also be an “up’’ therefore the above statement is a “down” – proof that the World is not a Globe— but to continue— “ those parts of the fluid which were under it would exert a greater pressure upon the surrounding parts than they received from them, so that motion would take place amongst the particles and continue until there were none at a higher level than the rest, that is, until

THE UPPER SURFACE OF THE WHOLE MASS OF FLUID BECAME A HORIZONTAL PLANE.”

The First Principles o f Natural Philosophy by Mr. W. T . Lynn, of the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, p. 51.

This testimony is absolutely true to Nature and experimental fact; therefore the assumptions o f convexity and concavity are relegated to the lethe they came from by the savants of the Royal Observatory.

But let us continue our enquiry; IS THERE IN TEH UNIVERSE ANY SUCH “FORCE” OR “LAW OF GRAVITATION?” 6th. “ The history of science (so-called. Ed.) shows that ALL the great laws of mind and matter have been discovered, NOT BY DEMONSTRATION but b y IMAGINATION.”

Science Siftings, Vol. I No. 15. p. 235.

That this is absolutely true is proven by the undeniable and acknowledged fact that Kepler “discovered” his three “Laws of Planetary Motion” in that way. Listen to the testimony of your own school men, ye, who believe in the “ earth’s sphericity,” surely you will believe them won’t you? even though you deny the evidence of your senses that they may be considered, “The wise guides, philosophers and friends, who do lay upon themselves the onerous duty of deciding these momentous problems for us.”— L o r d S. LISBURY. Morning Leader, June 23rd, 1894. Listen, I say, to Professor W. B. Carpenter, C.B., F.R.S., etc.

7th. It was not until twelve years after the publication of his first two laws, that Kepler was able to announce the discovery of the third.

This, again, was the outcome of a long series of GUESSES, and what was remarkable as to the error of the idea which suggested the second law to his mind, was still more remarkable as to the third; for not only, in his search for the ‘harmony’ of which he felt assured, did he proceed on the erroneous notion of a whirling force emanating from the Sun, which decreases with increase of distance, but he took as his guide another ASSUMPTION no less erroneous, viz., that the masses of the Planets increase with their distances from the Sun. In order to make this last fit with the facts (?) he was driven to ASSUME a relation of their respective which we now know to be UTTERLY UNTRUE; for, as he himself says, ‘unless we ASSUME this proportion of the densities, the law of the periodic times will not answer. Thus, says his biographer, ‘three out of the four suppositions made by Kepler to explain the beautiful law he had detected are now INDISPUTABLY KNOWN TO BE FALSE? SEE? what he considered to be the proof of it, being only A MODE OF FA L SE REASONING by which “any required result might be deduced from any given principles.” —Modern Review, Oct. 1880.

And these “three laws” are the basis of Newtonian “Universal Gravitation,” O ! most glorious origin!!

The most superficial scholar knows what is the received explanation of the movements of the Planets round the Sun, viz., that when the Planet is first hurled on its course from the hand of its Maker, the Maker of the Planets is the Sun, its tendency is to go in a straight line; but this tendency is arrested by the attraction of gravitation, and the two forces acting in opposition to each other cause the orb which they control to move in a curve. It was supposed by Kepler that this curve did not form a perfect circle, but an ellipse, and that the Planet was accelerated in some parts of its orbit when it was nearest the Sun. The cause of this discrepancy was attributed by Newton to the antagonistic action of the centripetal and centrifugal forces: as the attraction of gravitation, or centripetal force, gradually overcomes the centrifugal, the Planet is drawn nearer the Sun, and its speed in its orbit accelerated. But let us see what another eminent Professor o f Astronomy has said about centrifugal force, and we shall find that the “laws,” which Professor Guillemin in The Heavens, edited by Professor Lockyer, informs us that Newton “extended to all the bodies of our Solar system,” are no more to do with Natural Phenomena, than the ravings of a madman.

8th. CENTRIFUGAL FORCE IS A FICTION; THERE IS REALLY NO SUCH THING AS CENTRIFUGAL FORCE.” Professor Airy, Mathematical Traits. Note on p. 140, 4th ed.

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The So-called Lunar Eclipse of the Moon

The So-called Lunar Eclipse of the Moon

From an 1895 flat earth pamphlet

The so-called shadow of the Earth on the Moon is “proof” by our globalist friends of the movement of planets.

The so-called shadow is not always round, it was once noticed to be “a dark isosceles triangular shape;” but a straight object would give a curved shadow upon a sphere as you may prove by holding a straight-edge before an apple by gas light, but it has never been shewn that the Earth could possibly cast a shadow on the Moon. If the Earth cut off the Sun’s light from the Moon, the Moon ought to go quite dark during the eclipse, but it does not, its light shines through the supposed shadow.

A semi-opaque but dark Moon came between us and the luminous Moon and so caused the lunar eclipse. Astronomers admit that there are dark bodies in the Sky. It may be the Moon is “ eclipsed ” by getting into a mass of “ thick darkness ” which revolves around and over the Earth in an opposite direction to the Sun, this thick dry foggy atmosphere obscures the Moon’s rays but does not obliterate them. It cannot be admitted that the “ Earth’s Shadow” causes an eclipse, because Sun and Moon have both been seen above the horizon during an Eclipse of the Moon, and we know from other sources that these Bodies revolve over a Plane Earth. B. Blount.

The Creator of the Moon declared—and thereby confirmed as absolute truth, the inspired account as given by the Holy Spirit in Gen. i., 16—that the Moon’s light is an inherent light, hence Moonlight (Matt, xxiv., 29). This is confirmed by every practical investigation. Is there a scientist living who would try to “eclipse” the light of a policeman’s bulls-eye lantern by putting a globe between it and another? Besides; and this should never be lost sight of, the so-called “ shadow” always commences to eclipse the Moon from the East side, therefore overtaking, and passing on in the same direction as the Moon is travelling! But, if the so-called shadow proof—is only a shadow— of globularity was an absolute proof; and not a mere “ hypothesis to explain phenomenon,” then the shadow would meet the Moon and not overtake it as it does. Again, the speed of the earth in its orbit compared with the speed of the Moon in its orbit, utterly, from a globular stand point, proves the falseness of the so-called proof and for ever closes the mouths of all opponents! They claim that the earth is travelling in an orbit round the sun at the “rate of 68,305 miles an hour,’’ while the Moon is travelling in an orbit round the earth, and consequently must of necessity move faster than the earth or about 180,000 miles an hour. It is therefore utterly impossible that the shadow travelling at the rate of 68,305 miles an hour can overtake the moon travelling at 180,000 miles an hour. What an infinite difference is shewn to exist between absolute fact, and conjectural and illogical theory.

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Polar Exploration

Polar Exploration

Geographers In Congress

Dr. G. Neumayer (Hamburg), dealt with the ‘ Scientific Exploration o f the Antarctic Regions.’ H e said inter alia; ‘Any conclusion which may be drawn from records of Meteorological and hydrographical data, at present in existence, must of necessity be incomplete and fallacious! I t is of high importance, to furnish accurate geodetic data to determine the figure of our globe! A gravity survey would be of the highest importance. The study of the phenomena of ice, the origin and nature of icebergs…without which it will be difficult to arrive at definite results respecting the various epochs of the earth’s existence. Connected therewith is the nature of ice-caps, which probably cover the region surrounding the South Pole! The question of the causes of the variability of geographical latitude { the undulations of the earth’s axis), will probably be greatly elucidated. He hoped that the grand example set fifty years ago on the field of South Polar Exploration, might be renewed in our days!”

Sir Joseph Hooker, who was introduced by the Chairman, as the only survivor of Sir James Ross’ Expedition, said : “He believed he was right in saying that the key to the future knowledge of terrestrial magnetism, lay very much in the ascertainment of the exact position of the South Magnetic Pole. We knew nothing of the meteorology of the whole of that enormous area, and could only at the best, make guesses, and assumptions!”

We conclude from the foregoing, that it is the modern scientists, and not the ancients, who know nothing of the shape of the Earth.

In reference to the great, un-penetrated, southern circumferential ice-barrier, and its unexplored beyond; these “learned men,” impose upon the world, their weak hypotheses, and vain theories; their confessed ignorance, guesses and assumptions; and declare there is a magnetic spot or centre, which they term a ‘South Pole’ in order to uphold their whirling Globe theory. But the ‘Geodetic data’ for mysticism is passing away, and the unprejudiced thinking world now ask for witnessing facts, sound knowledge, exact science, and truth!

Clement, the first co-Pastor or co-Bishop of Rome in his first epistle to the Corinthian Eulesia (included in one o f the ancient collections of the Canon of Scripture) writes:

“The unfathomable and unsearchable floods o f the deep, are kept by His command; and the conflux (hollow or depth) of the vast sea, being brought together by His order into its several collections, passes not the bounds that H e has set it, but as he appointed (commanded), so it does remain. For He said : ‘Hitherto shalt thou come, and thy floods shall be broken within thee. The ocean, impassible to mankind, and the worlds that are beyond it. are governed by the same commands by their great Master.” Chap. ix., 9-12. Archbishop Wake’s translation.

Until Astronomers, Geographers, and so-called scientists, give us facts for fiction, truth for ignorance, and also discover “The South Pole,” and its “Ice-Cap,” all believers in the Deity’s graciously revealed Word, must reject and resist the infidels who practically deny and make void the Holy Inspired Writings! Clement’s epistle was read in the primitive Ecclesias, an evidence of its authority. Photius, the Patriarch of Constantinople, in the 9th century, and others, have objected to its genuineness, because Clement speaks of “Worlds beyond the Seas!” The Apostle-taught Clement is a far higher authority than the man-taught Photius! Scripture and Reason, condemn the learned lumber, of false philosophers, with their guesses, silly senile suppositions and assumptions!

Thesemen insist contrary to natural laws, and also contrary to logic; that The Earth is a whirling Globe, going round with other motions, at a terrific rate, carrying on its surface moveable objects, enveloped in rare air ! Simply upon theory and without a single proof!

Beyond the circumferential southern ice-bound oceans Clement declares that the are “Worlds!”

The Bible also emphatically declares:

“The pillars of the earth are Jehovah’s. He hath set the world upon them.” 1 Sam. 2:8

“Of old Thou hast laid the foundations of the earth.” Ps. 102:25

“Ye enduring foundations of the earth.”  Micah 6:2

“Thou hast established the earth and it abideth.” Ps. 69:20

“The world also is established that it cannot moved.” Ps. 106:10 and 103:1

“Jehovah founded the earth on its bases, that it should not be moved forever, and beyond!” Ps. 106:5

“For He hath founded it upon the seas and established it upon the floods.”  Ps. 24:2

What are, so-called, Christian Hierarchies, with their multitudes of Priests and Parsons doing, that they should allow these infidel Globites to dupe and mislead the people? Is it because they are mere hirelings!? Either the Bible lies or its opponents! Which? How can there possibly be a “ South Pole,” and an “Ice-Cap,” to the unknown Antarctica.

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Not All Great Astronomer Agree

Not All Great Astronomer Agree

“Even great astronomers do not always escape erroneous conclusion, and sometimes they have to recant absolute mistakes of reasoning and calculation.”

“For several thousand years people supposed that the earth was a great platform surrounded by the sea.

“They certainly knew nothing of the real shape of the earth.

“David who lived a good while before Homer, did not speak of the ’round world.’ There is no such word as ’round’ in the original Hebrew, nor in our Bible version of the Psalms.

“The common Latin phrase for the earth, ‘orbis terrarum,’ and in the Latin Vulgate Bible, translated ‘The round world,’ does not mean a globe, but a round disc, or wheel.”

Sir Edmund Becket, BT., “Astronomy,” 7th Ed., preface p. 5, pp. 1-2.

According to the above quotations, astronomers are sometimes erroneous in their calculations, reasoning, and conclusions. Yet, with unproved and un-provable assumptions, they have the audacity to contradict the God-Inspired writers of Holy Write; and practically deny the cosmical teaching of Moses, and the declarations contained in the Psalms, and in the Prophets; concerning the Sun, the Moon, the stars and the Earth. Thus making the God-sent Messiah (in whom many of them profess to believe), a liar! Disregarding the fact, that this same Messiah, the Prince of Prophets, and the Coming King of all the Earth, endorsed “Moses, the Psalms and the Prophets.” The declaration that for thousands of years, men knew nothing of the real shape of the Earth, is not supported by an atom of proof. What d modern man know of its shape? They have never been to, and consequently have never seen, beyond the circumferential ice-barriers, that surround the Antarctic, and yet they say, “The Earth is a whirling globe.”

 

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More on Navigating a Flat Earth

More on Navigating a Flat Earth

by Thomas George Ferguson

The question is often asked: How can you account for ships sailing due East or West and returning to the place from which they started, or in other words, how is it possible to circumnavigate anything but a sphere?

The latter part of the question is absurd, although it is often asked by men of no mean intelligence in other matters.

The Isle of Wight has been circumnavigate some hundreds of times, but a man would be considered a likely candidate for a lunatic asylum who would say, therefore, the Isle of Wight is a globe.

It is self-evident, then, that a body need not be a sphere to be circumnavigated.

Again, on the face of this so-called proof of the suppose globularity of the world there is deception, part of the truth having been omitted. It stands thus in many books: “A mariner sailing due East or West returns to the place of “departure which could not be done on a flat surface;” but that he had attempted and failed to circumnavigate his supposed globe by sailing due North or South has been entirely omitted. Now, with regard to the former part of the questions we will ask the reader to consider for a moment the following diagram:

 

N represents the North Centre (popularly called the “North Pole”, and the outer circle S S S S, the southern circumference (erroneously called the “South Pole.”)

It will be seen that as the compass needle constantly points N and S the points, E and W will form a circle, and, following the circle to the right of the diagram would be travelling in an easterly direction, and following the circle to the left, a westerly course.

Again, it must be remembered that East and West are but relative positions and not fixed points, even according to globular teaching, for instance: we should not be correct in saying that America was West unless it was stated, or understood, that it was West of Greenwich, a line which passes through Greenwich (on maps only of course) being taken in this case as a standard, and all places, the relative positions of which are on the right or left of this line; are spoken of as East or West of Greenwich.

If a map of the Earth as a plane be obtained it will readily be seen that the circumnavigation of the world is easier according to the plane truth than it is according to the globular theory.

Why this supposed proof of the supposed globular shape of the world should be inserted in geography books is hard to understand, unless it is that the globular theory is so wanting in truth that it is glad to catch at even a shadow, and even this will be found to be against it, if examined by the light of common sense and practical fact.

 

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Flat Earth Believers Then and Now, Part 2

Flat Earth Believers Then and Now, Part 2

“Who is this,” asks God, “who darkeneth counsel by words without knowledge?” (Job 38:2)

So far from endorsing Job’s, ignorance, God at great length exposes and reproves it; till Job humbly confesses he had uttered what he understood not, things to wonderful for him which he knew not. (Job 42:3) God’s action then, instead of being confirmatory of men’s mistakes, seems at this most important juncture, when men were as yet without a Bible, a supernatural condescension to human ignorance to lift men out of it.

“Very true,” say those we esteem, our Christian philosophers, “where it was, as here, a religious question, God did so act; but never where the ignorance was merely scientific.” A most reckless assertion, and completely falsified by this very record. How does God deal with Job’s moral misapprehensions of his Maker? By directing attention to, and very minutely particularising, the visible works of His hand. He corrects his too yard scholar by means of a series of object lessons; a principle later Scriptures describe Him always afterwards to have acted upon. Say that right views in respect to the universe are from first to last put foremost by God as indispensable to right views of Himself. So far from these having nothing to do with our faith, God expressly establishes them at the very outset as the surest rock for faith to stand on. And obviously they are; for whenever men depart from God’s principle, they invariably end by departing from Him.

Themselves inventing a universe, as the Bible’s God will not suit with it, their only alternative is to further invent a substitute that will. Instead of its personal Creator, they fill His place with idle speculations as to a not impossible First Cause. (Their “impossible First Cause” is the Sun!) “ The centre of the movements of all the celestial bodies of the system…is to us THE SOURCE of light, heat, and The Heavens.

(Modern Astronomical Teaching is here shown to be a specious form of Materialism! Ed. E.R.)

Not alone does God claim in the Book of Job to be the sole Creator of all visible things; but He propounds doctrines with respect to several which should make our Christian philosophers a little more doubtful than they are wont to be of the correctness of their opposing conclusions. Amongst the statements God Himself is credited with, are the following: “I laid the foundations of the earth; ” the earth’s foundations are “ fastened;” and the earth, like other buildings, has “a corner stone.” (Job 38:4-6)

“Oh, but that is all allegorical, and of a piece with the whole book, which is nothing but a beautiful allegory!” That, or a modification of it, is I know the modern suggestion; but it doesn’t go far enough, God, Ezekiel, James, and Paul— these should be allegorical too!

Ezekiel declares, concerning the land of Israel, “ Though these three men”— not these three myths— but, “ Through these three men, Noah, Daniel, and Job were in it, they should deliver but their own souls by their righteousness, saith the Lord God.” (Ezek. 14:14,20.)

The apostle James would have done small service by instancing the “suffering affliction” of an imaginary individual: naming therefore the patience of Job he spoke of one historically and indisputably real. The apostle Paul too, confirms the authority of the Book of Job, by quoting from it as a part of sacred Scripture, prefacing his extract with the usual, “It is written.” (Job v. 13; 1 Cor. 3:19)

To pronounce Job and the Book of Job metaphorical is, therefore, to fly in the face of authenticated history. Again, there is a further reason for knowing that the statements read from the Book of Job are not metaphorical. Those precise statements are elsewhere repeated in terms as literal as any the Bible contains ; and not merely once or twice, but many, many times : for instance; “Who art thou,’’ asks God of His chosen nation, by His prophet Isaiah; “Who art thou that for forgettest the Lord thy Maker, that hath stretched forth the heavens, and laid the foundations of the earth?” (Isaiah 51:12, 13)

So you see that the earth’s foundations, twenty-two times officially mentioned by God and His prophets, are not given as eastern fancy, but as literal sober, undeniable fact. We are told that the amount of Eastern imagery in the Bible altogether beyond easy comprehension is perfectly incalculable; and so it is; the amount is so exceedingly small! Eastern imagery! Why what is the earth, according to modern science? A monstrous balloon without a car, rushing through space and twirling as it goes.

*****

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