Update on section Moon Landing Hoax
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Debunking the Debunkers
There are some people who try to debunk the debunkers, as this guy on the Moon landing hoax did. What he actually did was pathetic that I feel like writing back in the Comments section, “After watching your video I’m more convinced that the Moon landing was a hoax!”
If you notice whenever you read or see a video on a “debunking the debunkers,” they really make a fool of themselves. Lets see what this guy said…
#5 Flag Waving
This guy claims that that reason why the flag was waving was because of the kinetic energy left after the astronaut touched the flag, as his explanation is there’s no resistance with air so the flag moves more.
What is wrong with this statement is, does he know how much longer a flag moves where there is no atmosphere? No, he doesn’t. Tests can easily be done here on Earth but if they were done, you can be sure that he will not show it. To me, it was a lot of movement of the flag after he touched it that kinetic energy could not have done all of that.
But what is not mentioned is, that according to NASA the flag was made of nylon. This is the big give away that the Moon landing was a hoax! How can a nylon flag (or any material flag) withstand temperatures of + 240 F. which is what we are told the daylight temperature of the moon is? It would burn up. Of course, he doesn’t bring this up as he would not be able to answer it.
#4 Footprint
The footprint was made because there is no moisture on the moon; in other words no moisture makes a foot print! In reality, it’s the other way round. Think of when you walked on the beach where the sand is dry, you cannot make a print of the lines in your shoe because there is no moisture; moisture holds the sand together. Yet, walking in your same shoes on moist sand you leave a footprint. So, what was shown by NASA in their Moon landing video, shows that there was moisture in the sand, which means that the video was made on the Earth.
He goes on to say that the Moon “has a dry lunar like dust…” This is what makes it impossible to show details of a the sole of a shoe. In reality, it’s just the opposite. If I was not a flat earther, I would ask what planet did he come from!?
Saying that there is so much dust on the Moon and that this is unsettled because of no atmosphere, this is an argument in our favor and not his. If you look at any photo of the Moon, you see astronauts with not a speck of dust on their face mask or even their boots; you don’t see dust on the landing feet of the lunar module, either.
#3 No stars seen
He claims that the reason why no stars are seen is because the Sun is up and reflecting off the Moon. He says the only way to see the stars is to block the ground view. He tried to compare this to seeing the stars in a city – which you can’t. But what is wrong with this comparison?
“If the foundations is wrong, everything built on it is wrong.”
The fact that all of this talk is based on the hypothesis and theories that the Moon is this, is that, is whatever. This guy is talking like all what the scientists have figured out here on Earth is what reality is. So, because we can’t answer all the arguments, he must be right! That’s not the way it works.
The fact is, that nearly all of what we are told about the Moon is simply not true, such as: that it’s a quarter of a million miles away; that it’s travelling around the Earth and around the galaxy, etc., etc. When we talk about the flat earth would dispel the whole myth that we did go to the Moon.
#2 Neil Armstrong
This guy talks about Neil Armstrong (the first man that ‘stepped on the Moon’) and made comments on what he said. Then he talks about some barber that cut his hair and sold it for $3,000 without Armstrong’s knowledge. I say, “What in the HECK does this have to do with the Moon landing? Nothing, of course, but this is a cheap diversion.
Going on, he said that Armstrong didn’t like giving interviews and didn’t like being asked questions by the media. He attributes this to just being nervous in front of a group of reporters. You bet he was nervous! Anyone would be when they are told they have to lie or ELSE! I don’t buy that it was ‘stage fright’ that Armstrong didn’t give interviews. If you look at him along with the other two astronauts in their first interview back in 1969, why were they ALL nervous, why did they look so dejected? They should have been ‘over the Moon’ (I couldn’t resist that one, ha, ha).
Three astronauts and they looked like they were afraid of the media after what they supposedly went through? No way. The fact is, that they were told to lie and there was some kind of implied threat to them or their families. People don’t like to lie – including these men – but they had too, and it SHOWED in the psychology.
The way Armstrong acted supports our belief that they didn’t go to the Moon.
#1 Camera cross hairs behind object
Finally, in this guy’s debunking, he talks about the camera cross hairs being behind objects and that this would be impossible unless the photo was tampered with. He goes on to explain this as when an object is over exposed, it looks like the cross hair is behind an object. Now, this would make sense, but here is what was shown: Some photos he showed were NOT over exposed yet the cross hair was behind the object (case in point was the astronaut on the land rover). This proves our case not his! So, what did he show? He did showed a real over exposed section of a video, where there was a light spot on an otherwise non-over exposed picture. And on this spot the cross hair was white out. But this is simply selective choosing. The funny thing is, he did not show the other pictures – which he surprisingly put up – that showed the cross hair behind the object. In short, he witnessed against himself (which the Bible talks about that some people do).
To summarise, “Thank you whomever you are, as you made me more convinced that there was a Moon landing hoax!” (Of course, I knew about this hoax long before I knew about the flat earth.)
It is good to see how others try to debunk whatever topic – not just the flat earth. When you look at their arguments you’ll know what to expect when talking to critics and how to answer them.
Moon Landing Hoax
Moon Landing Hoax
One thing that has not been covered in detail on Christian Flat Earth Ministry site is the Moon landing hoax. You might already know about this and might even heard of it along before you came across the flat earth. However, I feel that it’s necessary to have some Posts on this subject for those who don’t know about it. As you know, there are people at all stages of learning no matter what topic you discuss, and this is true about the flat earth.
People who are now looking into the flat earth will have major reservations if they still believe that Americans went to the Moon. When sceptics are told that we are the only ones “out there,” that there are no planets, solar systems, they will say, “What about the Moon landing?” Well, this and other Posts will address that question. There will also be a topic that will be at the topic of this website in the near future that will have some of these Posts in it. This is for easy access for those who may still believe in the Moon landing. With that in mind, lets get into it…
Flat Earth Experiment 15
Zetetic Astronomy: Earth Not a Globe
From the first floor of the “grand” hotel, opposite the new or western pier, at Brighton, in Sussex, a well-constructed instrument, called a “Clinometer,” was “levelled,” and directed towards the sea. The water seemed to ascend as an inclined plane, until it intercepted the line of sight at the point H 1, as shown in fig. 44. On taking the instrument to a higher
FIG. 44.
position, again “levelling,” and looking over the sea, the surface seemed to ascend a second time, until it met the eye-line at H 2. The instrument was then taken to the highest room, and again directed to the sea, when the uprising surface was again seen to meet the eye-line, as at the point H 3 As already shown, these results are precisely those which an optical or perspective law produces, in connection with a right line, or a plane surface. Upon a globular surface, the appearance would necessarily be as seen in fig. 45. From the position A, the
FIG. 45.
horizon would be seen at H 1, and at a considerable angle downwards; from B, the horizon would be at H 2; and from C, at II 3; and the downward angle, or “dip,” would increase as the altitude of the observer increased. But as nothing of the kind is anywhere to be seen, and the directly contrary at all times visible, we are compelled by the force of practical evidence to deny the existence of rotundity, and to declare that, “to all intents and purposes,” absolutely and logically, beyond doubt, THE EARTH IS A VAST IRREGULAR PLANE.
Flat Earth Experiment 14
Zetetic Astronomy: Earth Not a Globe
If a good theodolite is placed on the summit of Shooter’s Hill, in Kent, and levelled, the line of sight, on being directed to Hampstead Hill, will cut the cross on St. Paul’s Cathedral, and fall upon a part of Hampstead Hill, the altitude of which is the same as that of Shooter’s Hill. The altitude of each of these points is 412 feet above the Trinity high water mark, at London Bridge. The distance from Shooter’s Hill to St. Paul’s Cathedral is 7 statute miles, and from St. Paul’s to Hampstead Hill, 5 miles. If the earth is a globe, the line of sight from the “levelled” theodolite would be a tangent, below which St. Paul’s cross would be 32 feet, and Hampstead Hill 96 feet. The highest point of Hampstead Hill is 430 feet, which we find, on making the proper calculation, would be 78 feet below the summit of Shooter’s Hill; whereas, according to the Ordnance Survey, and as may be proved by experiment, the three points are in the same direct line; again demonstrating that the earth is a plane.
The diagrams, figs. 42 and 43, will show the difference
FIG. 42.
between the theory of rotundity and the results of actual survey. A, represents Hampstead Hill; C, St. Paul’s cross; B, Shooter’s Hill; and D, D, the datum line–the Trinity high water mark. In fig. 43, A, B, C, and D, D, represent the same points respectively as in fig. 42.
FIG. 43.
In the account of the trigonometrical operations in France, by M. M. Biot and Arago, it is stated that the light of a powerful lamp, with good reflectors, was placed on a rocky summit, in Spain, called Desierto las Palmas, and was distinctly seen from Camprey, on the Island of Iviza. The elevation of the two points was nearly the same, and the distance between them nearly 100 miles. If the earth is a globe, the light on the rock in Spain would have been more than 6600 feet, or nearly one mile and a quarter, below the line of sight.
“The length of some of the sides of the great triangles (in the English survey) is upwards of 100 miles; and many means were employed to render the stations visible from each other at such great distances. The oxy-hydrogen, or Drummond’s Light, was employed in some instances; but a heliostat, for reflecting the sun’s rays in the direction of the distant observer, was more generally and successfully employed. Lieutenant-Colonel Portlock, R.E., who observed the station on Precelly, a mountain in South Wales, from the station on Kippure, a mountain about 10 miles south-west of Dublin–the distance between the stations being 108 miles–says: ‘For five weeks I watched in vain; when, to my joy, the heliostat blazed out in the early beams of the rising sun, and continued visible as a bright star the whole day.'” 1
Many other very long “sights” have been taken by surveyors of different countries, which upon a globe of 25,000 miles in circumference, would have been quite impossible; but with the demonstrated fact that the earth is a plane, are practical and consistent.
Footnotes
59:1 Handbook to the Official Catalogue of the Great Exhibition of 1851.
Flat Earth Experiment 13
Zetetic Astronomy: Earth Not a Globe
The following sketch, fig. 34, represents a contracted section of the London and North-Western Railway, from London to
FIG. 34.
Liverpool, through Birmingham. The line A, B, is the surface, with its various inclines and altitudes, and C, D, is the datum line from which all the elevations are measured; H, is the station at Birmingham, the elevation of which is 240 feet above the datum line C, D, which line is a continuation of the level of the River Thames at D, to the level of the River Mersey, at C. The direct length of this line is 180 miles; and it is a right or absolutely straight line, in a vertical sense, from London to Liverpool. Therefore, the station at Birmingham is 240 feet above the level of the Thames, continued as a right line throughout the whole length of the railway. But if the earth is a globe, the datum line will be the chord of the arc D, D, D, fig. 35, and the summit of the arc at D, will be 5400 feet above
FIG. 35
the chord at C; added to the altitude of the station H, 240 feet, the Birmingham station, H, would be, if the earth is a globe, 5640 feet above the horizontal datum D, D, or vertically above the Trinity high water mark, at London Bridge. It is found, practically, and in fact, not to be more than 240 feet; hence the theory of rotundity must be a fallacy. Sections of all other railways will give similar proofs that the earth is in. reality a plane.
The tunnel just completed under Mont Fréjus, affords a very striking illustration of the truth. that the earth is a plane, and not globular. The elevation above the sea-level of the entrance at Fourneaux, on the French side of the Alps, is 3946 feet, and of the entrance on the Italian side, 4381 feet. The length of the tunnel is 40,000 feet, or nearly eight English statute miles. The gradient or rise, from the entrance on the French side to the summit of the tunnel, is 445 feet; and on the opposite side, 10 feet. It will be seen from the following account, given by M. Kossuth, 1 that the geodetic operations were carried on in connection with a right line, as the axis of the tunnel, and therefore with a horizontal datum which is quite incompatible with the doctrine of rotundity. That the earth is a plane is involved in all the details of the survey, as the following quotation will show:–
“The observatories placed at the two entrances to the tunnel were used for the necessary observations, and each observatory contained an instrument constructed for the purpose. This instrument was placed on a pedestal of masonry, the top of which was covered with a horizontal slab of marble, having engraved upon its surface two intersecting lines, marking a point which was exactly in the vertical plane containing the axis of the tunnel. The instrument was formed of two supports fixed on a tripod, having a delicate screw adjustment. The telescope was similar to that of a theodolite provided with cross-webs, and strongly illuminated by the light from a lantern, concentrated by a lens and projected upon the cross-webs. In using this instrument in checking the axis of the gallery at the northern entrance, for example; after having proved precisely that the vertical plane, corresponding with the point of intersection of the lines upon the slab, also passed through the centre of the instrument, a visual line was then conveyed to the station at Lochalle (on the mountain), and on the instrument being lowered, the required number of points could be fixed in the axis of the tunnel. In executing such an operation, it was necessary that the tunnel should be free from smoke or vapour. The point of collimation was a plummet, suspended from the roof of the tunnel by means of an iron rectangular frame, in one side of which a number of notches were cut, and the plummet shifted from notch to notch, in accordance with the signals of the operator at the observatory. These signals were given to the man whose business it was to adjust the plummet, by means of a telegraph or a horn. The former was found invaluable throughout all these operations.
“At the Bardonnecchia (Italian) entrance, the instrument employed in setting out the axis of the tunnel was similar to the one already described, with the exception that it was mounted on a little carriage, resting on vertical columns that were erected at distances 500 metres apart in the axis of the tunnel. By the help of the carriage, the theodolite was first placed on the centre line approximately. It was then brought exactly into line by a fine adjustment screw, which moved the
eye-piece without shifting the carriage. In order to understand more clearly the method of operating the instrument, the mode of proceeding may be described. In setting out a prolongation of the centre line of the tunnel, the instrument was placed upon the last column but one; a light was stationed upon the last column, and exactly in its centre; and 500 metres ahead a trestle frame was placed across the tunnel. Upon the horizontal bar of this trestle several notches were cut, against which a light was placed, and fixed with proper adjusting screws. The observer standing at the instrument, caused the light to move upon the trestle frame, until it was brought into an exact line with the instrument and the first line; and then the centre of the light was projected with a plummet. In this way the exact centre was found. By a repetition of similar operations the vertical plane containing the axis of the tunnel was laid out by a series of plummet lines. During the intervals that elapsed between consecutive operations with the instrument, the plummets were found to be sufficient for maintaining the direction in making the excavation. To maintain the proper gradients in the tunnel, it was necessary, at intervals, to establish fixed levels, deducing them by direct levelling from standard bench marks, placed at short distances from the entrance. The fixed level marks, in the inside of the tunnel, are made upon stone pillars, placed at intervals of 25 metres, and to these were referred the various points in setting out the gradients.”
The theodolite “was placed on a pedestal of masonry, the top of which was covered with a horizontal slab of marble, having engraved upon its surface two intersecting lines, marking a point which was exactly in the vertical plane containing the axis of the tunnel.” This slab was the starting point–the datum which determined the gradients. Its horizontal surface, prolonged through the mountain, passed 445 feet below the summit of the tunnel, and 435 feet below the entrance on the Italian side. This entrance was 4381 feet above the sea, and 435 feet above the horizontal marble slab on the French side. But, if the earth is a globe, the datum line from this horizontal slab would be a tangent, from which the sea-level would curvate downwards to the extent of 42 feet; and the summit of the tunnel, instead of being 10 feet above the Italian entrance, would, of necessity, be 52 feet above it. It is not so, and therefore the datum line is not a tangent, but runs parallel to the sea; the sea-level not convex, and the earth not a globe. This will be rendered plain by the following diagram, fig. 36.
FIG. 36.
Let A represent the summit of the tunnel, and A, T, the axis or centre determined by the theodolite T; S, the marble slab; and D, S, the datum line, running parallel with the sea-level H, H. B, the Italian entrance, at an elevation of 435 feet above D, S, and 4381 feet above the surface of the sea, H, H; A, the summit of the tunnel, 445 feet above the French entrance at T, the same above the datum line D, S; and 4391 feet above the sea-line, H, H. If the earth is a globe, the line, D, S, would be a tangent to the sea at H, S, from which point the sea surface would curvate 52 feet downwards, as shown in diagram, fig. 37. Hence, the elevation of the tunnel at B,
FIG. 37.
would be 52 feet higher above the sea at H, than it is known to be; because taking D, S, as a tangent, and the length of the tunnel being 8 miles–82 miles x 8 inches = 52 feet.
Thus, in a length of 8 statute miles of the most skilful engineering operations, carried on by the most accomplished scientific men, there is a difference between theory and practice of 52 feet! Rather than such a reproach should attach to some of the most eminent practical engineers of the day–those especially who have, with such consummate skill and perseverance, completed one of the most gigantic undertakings of modern times–let the false idea of rotundity in the earth be entirely discarded, and the simple truth acknowledged, that the earth is a plane. It is adopted in practice, why should it be denied in the abstract? Why should the education given in our schools and universities include a forced recognition of a theory which, when practically applied, must ever be ignored and contradicted?
The completion of the great ship canal, which connects the Mediterranean Sea with the Gulf of Suez, on the Red Sea, furnishes another instance of entire discrepancy between the theory of the earth’s rotundity and the results of practical engineering. The canal is 100 English statute miles in length, and is entirely without locks; so that the water within it is really a continuation of the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea. “The average level of the Mediterranean is 6 inches above the Red Sea; but the flood tides in the Red Sea rise 4 feet above the highest, and its ebbs fall nearly 3 feet below the lowest in the Mediterranean.” The datum line is 26 feet below the level of the Mediterranean, and is continued horizontally from one sea to the other; and throughout the whole length of the work, the surface of the water runs parallel with this datum, as shown in the following section, fig. 38, published by the authorities. A, A, A, A, is the
FIG. 38.
surface of the canal, passing through several lakes, from one sea to the other; D, D, the bed of the canal, or horizontal datum line to which the various elevations of land, &c., are referred, but parallel to which stands the surface of the water throughout the entire length of the canal; thus proving that the half-tide level of the Red Sea, the 100 miles of water in the canal, and the surface of the Mediterranean Sea, are a continuation of one and the same horizontal line. If the earth is globular, the water in the centre of the canal, being 50 miles from each end, would be the summit of an arc of a circle, and would stand at more than 1600 feet above the Mediterranean and Red Seas (502 x 8 inches = 1666 feet 8 inches), as shown in diagram, fig. 39. A, the Mediterranean Sea; B, the Red
FIG. 39.
Sea; and A, C, B, the arc of water connecting them; D, D, the horizontal datum, which, if the earth is globular, would really be the chord of the arc, A, C, B.
The bed of the Atlantic Ocean, from Valencia (western coast of Ireland) to Trinity Bay, Newfoundland, as surveyed for the laying of the cable, is another illustration or proof that the surface of the great waters of the earth is horizontal, and not convex, as will be seen by the following diagram, contracted from the section, published October 8,
FIG. 40.
[paragraph continues] 1869, by the Admiralty. C, D, is the horizontal datum line, and A, B, the surface of the water, for a distance of 1665 nautical, or 1942 statute miles. At about one-third the distance from A, Newfoundland, the greatest depth is found–2424 fathoms; the next deepest part is 2400 fathoms; at about two-thirds the distance from A, towards B, Ireland, while in the centre, the depth is less than 1600 fathoms; whereas, if the water of the Atlantic is convex, the centre would stand 628,560 feet, or nearly 120 miles, higher than the two stations, Trinity Bay and Valencia; and the greatest depth would be in the centre of the Atlantic Ocean, where it would be 106,310 fathoms, instead of 1550 fathoms, which it is proved to be by actual soundings. Fig. 41 shows the arc of water which would exist,
FIG. 41.
in relation to the horizontal datum line, between Ireland and Newfoundland, if the earth is a globe. Again, if the water in the Atlantic Ocean is convex–a part of a great sphere of 25,000 miles circumference–the horizontal datum line would be a chord to the great arc of water above it; and the distance across the bed of the Atlantic would therefore be considerably less than the distance over the surface. The length of the cable which was laid in 1866, notwithstanding the known irregularities of the bed of the Ocean, would be less than the distance sailed by the paying-out vessel, the “Great Eastern;” whereas, according to the published report, the distance run by the steamer was 1665 miles, while the length of cable payed out was 1852 miles.
It is important to bear in mind that all the foregoing remarks and calculations are made in connection with the fact that the datum line, to which all elevations and depressions are referred, is horizontal, and not an arc of a circle. For many years past, all the great surveys have been made on this principle; but that no doubt may exist in the mind of the reader, the following extract is given from the Standing Orders of the Houses of Lords and Commons on Railway Operations, for the Session of 1862:1
“The section shall be drawn to the same horizontal scale as the plan, and to a vertical scale of not less than one inch to every one hundred feet; and shall show the surface of the ground marked on the plan, the intended level of the proposed work, the height of every embankment, and the depth of every cutting, and a datum horizontal line, which shall be the same throughout the whole length of the work; or any branch thereof respectively; and shall be referred to some fixed point . . . . near either of the termini. (See line D, D; fig. 2.)”
On the page opposite that of the above Standing Order, a section is given to illustrate the meaning of the words of the order–special reference being made to the line D, D, as showing what is intended by the words “datum horizontal line.” The drawing of the section there given, and which is insisted upon by Government, is precisely the same as the sections recently published of all the great railways, of the Suez Canal, of the bed of the Atlantic Ocean, taken for the purposes of laying the Electric Cable, and of many other works connected with railways deep-sea ordnance, and other surveying operations. In all these extensive surveys the doctrine of rotundity is, of necessity, entirely ignored; and the principle that the earth is a plane is practically adopted, and found to be the only one consistent with the results, and agreeing with the plans of the great surveyors and engineers of the day.
Footnotes
48:1 Daily News, September 18, 1871.
56:1 Publishers, Vacher & Sons, 29, Parliament Street, Westminster.
Flat Earth Experiment 12
On the shore near Waterloo, a few miles to the north of Liverpool, a good telescope was fixed, at an elevation of 6 feet above the water. It was directed to a large steamer, just leaving the River Mersey, and sailing out to Dublin. Gradually the mast-head of the receding vessel came nearer to the horizon, until, at length, after more than four hours had elapsed, it disappeared. The ordinary rate of sailing of the Dublin steamers was fully eight miles an hour; so that the vessel would be, at least, thirty-two miles distant when the mast-head came to the horizon. The 6 feet of elevation of the telescope would require three miles to be deducted for convexity, which would leave twenty-nine miles, the square of which, multiplied by 8 inches, gives 560 feet; deducting 80 feet for the height of the main-mast, and we find that, according to the doctrine of rotundity, the mast-head of the outward bound steamer should have been 480 feet below the horizon.
Many other experiments of this kind have been made upon sea-going steamers, and always with results entirely incompatible with the theory that the earth is a globe.
Flat Earth Experiment 11
Flat Earth Experiment 11
Continuing in the book Zetetic Astronomy: Earth Not a Globe, here are some more experiments. This as well as other already posted (see right side column) as well as a few more that will be posted is good to show sceptics of the flat earth. (Spelling, grammar and punctuation is the same as in the original.)
On the eastern pier at Brighton (Sussex) a large wooden quadrant was fixed on a stand, the upper surface placed square to a plumb line, and directed towards the east, then to the south, and afterwards to the west., On looking over this upper surface the line of sight in each case seemed to meet the horizon, H, H, as shown in fig. 27. The altitude of the quadrant was
FIG. 27.
34 feet; hence, if the earth is a globe, the water would have curvated downwards from the pier, the horizon would have been more than seven miles away, and 34 feet below the surface immediately beneath the observer; which depression, added to the elevation of the quadrant on the pier, would give 68 feet as the amount the horizon H, H, would have been below the line of sight A, B, as shown in the following diagram, fig. 28.
FIG. 28.
To touch the horizon on a convex surface the line of sight, A C, C B, would have to “dip” in the direction C, H; as no such “dip” of the eye line is required, convexity cannot exist.
In the case of the balloon at an altitude of two miles, the horizon would have been 127 miles away, and more than 10,000. feet below the summit of the arc of water underneath the balloon, and over 20,000 feet below the line of sight A, B, as shown in fig. 29; and the “dip” C, H, from C, B, to the horizon
FIG. 29.
[paragraph continues] H, would be so great that the aëronaut could not fail to observe it; instead of which he always sees it “on a level with his eye,” “rising as he rises,” and “at the highest elevation, seeming to close with the sky.”
The author has seen and tested this apparent rising of the water and the sea horizon to the level of the eye, and to an eye-line at right angles to a plumb-line, from many different places–the high ground near the race-course, at Brighton, in Sussex, from several hills in the Isle of Wight; various places near Plymouth, looking towards the Eddystone Lighthouse; the “Steep Holm,” in the Bristol Channel; the Hill of Howth, and “Ireland’s Eye,” near Dublin; various parts of the Isle of Man, “Arthur’s Seat,” near Edinburgh; the cliffs at Tynemouth; the rocks at Cromer, in Norfolk; from the top of Nelson’s Monument, at Great Yarmouth; and from many other elevated positions. But in Ireland, in Scotland, and in several parts of England, he has been challenged by surveyors to make use of the theodolite, or ordinary “spirit level,” to test this appearance of the horizon. It was affirmed that, through this instrument, when “levelled,” the horizon always appeared below the cross-hair, as shown in fig. 30–C, C, the cross-hair, and H, H, the horizon.
FIG. 30.
FIG. 31.
In every instance when the experiment was tried, this appearance was found to exist; but it was noticed that different instruments gave different degrees of horizontal depression below the cross-hair. The author saw at once that this peculiarity depended upon the construction of the instruments. He ascertained that in those of the very best construction, and of the most perfect adjustment, there existed a certain degree of refraction, or, as it is called technically, “collimation,” or a slight divergence of the rays of light from the axis of the eye, on passing through the several glasses of the theodolite. He therefore obtained an iron tube, about 18 inches in length; one end was closed, except a very small aperture in the centre; and at the other end cross-hairs were fixed. A spirit level was then attached, and the whole carefully adjusted. On directing it, from a considerable elevation, towards the sea, and looking through the small aperture at one end, the cross-hair at the opposite end was seen to cut or to fall close to the horizon, as shown at fig. 31. This has been tried in various places, and at different altitudes, and always with the same result; showing clearly that the horizon visible below the cross-hair of an ordinary levelling instrument is the result of refraction, from looking through the various glasses of the telescope; for on looking through an instrument in every respect the same in construction, except being free from lenses, a different result is observed, and one precisely the same as that seen from a balloon, from any promontory, and in the experiment at Brighton, shown in fig. 27
These comparative experiments cannot fail to satisfy any unbiassed observer that in every levelling instrument where lenses are employed, there is, of necessity, more or less divergence of the line of sight from the true or normal axis; and that however small the amount–perhaps inappreciable in short lengths of observation–it is considerable in distances of several miles. Every scientific surveyor of experience is fully aware of this and other peculiarities in all such instruments, and is always ready to make allowances for them in important surveys. As a, still further proof of this behaviour of the telescopic levelling instruments, the following simple experiment may be tried. Select a piece of ground–a terrace, promenade, line of railway, or embankment, which shall be perfectly horizontal for, say, five hundred yards. Let a signal staff, 5 feet high, be erected at one end, and a theodolite or spirit level fixed and carefully adjusted to exactly the same altitude at the other end. The top of the signal will then be seen a little below the cross-hair, although it has the same actual altitude, and stands upon the same horizontal foundation. If the positions of the signal staff and the spirit level be then reversed, the same result will follow.
Another proof will be found in the following experiment. Select any promontory, pier, lighthouse gallery, or small island, and, at a considerable altitude, place a smooth block of wood or stone of any magnitude; let this be “levelled.” If, then, the observer will place his eye close to the block, and look along its surface towards the sea, he will find that the line of sight will touch the distant horizon. Now let any number of spirit levels or theodolites be properly placed, and accurately adjusted; and it will be found that, in every one of them, the same sea horizon will appear in the field of view considerably below the cross-hair; thus, proving that telescopic instrumental readings are not the same as those of the naked eye.
In a work entitled “A Treatise on Mathematical Instruments,” by J. F. Heather, M.A., of the Royal Military College, Woolwich, published by Weale, High Holborn, London, elaborate directions are given for examining, correcting, and adjusting the collimation, &c.; and at page 103, these directions are concluded by the following words: “The instrument will now be in complete practical adjustment for any distance not exceeding ten chains (220 yards), the maximum error being only 1/1000 of a foot.
At this stage of the enquiry two distinct questions naturally arise: First, if the earth is a plane, why does the sea at all times appear to rise to the axis of the eye? and secondly, would not the same appearance exist if the earth were a globe? It is a simple fact, that two lines running parallel for a considerable distance will, to an observer placed between them at one end, appear to converge or come together at the other end. The top and bottom and sides of a long room, or an equally bored tunnel, will afford a good example of this appearance; but perhaps a still better illustration is given by the two metallic lines of a long portion of any railway. In fig. 32, let
FIG. 32.
A, B, and C, D, represent the two lines of a straight portion of horizontal railway. If an observer be placed at G, he will see the two lines apparently meeting each other towards H, from the following cause:–Let G represent the eye looking, first, as far only as figs. 1 and 2, the space between 1 and 2 will then be seen by the eye at G, under the angle 1, G, 2. On looking as far as figs. 3 and 4, the space between 3 and 4 will be seen under the diminished angle 3, G, 4. Again on looking forward to the points 5 and 6, the space between the rails would be represented by the angle 5, G, 6; and, as will at once be seen, the greater the distance observed, the more acute the angle at the eye, and therefore the nearer together will the rails appear. Now if one of these rails should be an arc of a circle and diverge from the other, as in the diagram fig. 33, it is evident that the
FIG. 33.
effect upon the eye at G, would be different to that shown by the diagram fig. 32. The line G, 4, would become a tangent to the arc C, D, and could never approach the line G, H, nearer than the point T. The same may be said of lines drawn to 6, opposite 5, and to all greater distances–none could rise higher than the tangent point T. Hence allowing A, B, to represent the sky, and C, D, the surface of the water of a globe, it is evident that A, B, could appear to decline or come down to the point H, practically to a level with the eye at G; but that C, D, could never, by the operation of any known law of optics, rise to the line G, H, and therefore any observation made upon a globular surface, could not possibly produce the effect observed from a balloon, or in any experiment like that represented in .
From the foregoing details the following arguments may be constructed:–
Right lines, running parallel with each other, appear to approach in the distance.
The eye-line, and the surface of the earth and sky, run parallel with each other;
Ergo, the earth and sky appear to approach in the distance.
Lines which appear to approach in the distance are parallel lines.
The surface of the earth appears to approach the eye-line;
Ergo, the surface of the earth is parallel with the eye-line.
The eye-line is a right line.
The surface of the earth is parallel or equi-distant;
Ergo, the surface of the earth is a right line–a plane.
Who Controls the Media
We know that the flat earth facts have been covered up in the media. We also know that Hollywood plays a good part in perpetuating the heliocentric belief with films such as Star Wars, and the hundreds of UFO films made in the past years. So, who is controlling our information? We know the corporation names of who owns the major networks and the film studios, but do we know the names? To find out, just do a search (Google or YouTube) with the words: “who owns the media,” or “who owns Hollywood” and see what you come up with.
I know this is a short Post but it’s meant to be a little ‘homework’ assignment.
Specialist Preachers Like Specialist Doctors
You’ve heard of specialist doctors such as: podiatrists, endocrinologist, dermatologist, etc. Now we have specialist preachers. Though these preachers are not so narrow in their speciality field as doctors are, they are still there.
What do I mean by this?
You have preachers who mainly talk on prophecy; you have those who just preach on the New Testament; others who talk of just the love aspect of Christ. But these same preachers are totally ignorant on other vital topics of the Bible.
If you went to your church or studied on your own about a subject that is not taught, you are warned not do so. Preachers just want you to keep within the narrow confines of what they preach – not for you to read the whole Bible. This is similar to what the Catholic church had centuries ago where only the priests were allowed to read the Bible. When the Reformation started and Protestants were reading the Bible, the Catholic church had Protestants killed and burned their Bibles. Since they were unsuccessful in doing this, the next best thing is to get their congregation to only read the verses that the preacher reads in their sermons. People are so lazy today that they do no Bible reading on their own. But to make sure that the Christians don’t get out of line, there are now many versions of the Bible that has their own view of Scripture.
A lot of what churches today preach on is a lie, and many preachers specialise in certain lies. Case in point is, what you here in mega-churches run by the likes of Joel Osteen, Ken Copeland and others. They preach on wealth and prosperity. They have created such movements as:
- Name it and claim it
- Word of faith
- Wealth and prosperity
These preachers literally specialise in milking their followers for all the money they can get. Of course, what they preach are lies. Nowhere in Scripture does Christ say, ‘Believe and you’ll be wealthy, give your money to me and I’ll return it 10 fold,’ or anything like that. Just look at the Apostles, were they rich, did have a mansions? No. they subsisted on what the people gave them in donations. Of course, many of them were killed for their beliefs. We all agree that there are obvious false preachers.
But what about those who are not false preachers?
There are good preachers out there and the topics they talk on are scripturally correct, but there are some important Bible issues they either are ignorant on or that it’s ‘not politically correct,’ to talk on. While you can get good sermons from these people, you will be on your own for ‘What else does the Bible say?’
Since this is a flat earth site and that we have had many articles that have biblical quotes that support the flat earth, you can see how someone can start a ‘flat earth church,’ that just focuses on this one topic. But the flat earth truth is not the only thing that good Christians need – we need the full Word of God. The full Word of God includes topics that will offend certain people, groups or even corporations. We must preach the word ‘both in season and out of season.’
What I’m getting at is, that I’ll Post more articles on here of other topics that the churches – both Protestant and Catholics will not touch with a 10 foot pole. The Usury and Rapture articles are two such examples, and there’ll be others that will follow. We have been lied to in so many areas of life, that the only way we can discover who we are and where we are going is to uncover the truth in as many areas as we can. There is so much to cover that I don’t think I’ll be able to cover them all. Also, I’m learning, too. But one thing for sure is, that we’ll cover other areas of deceit as time goes on. There be some areas where all I can do is write a little article, post a video and then give you a link where you can find out more. The fact is, that in some areas the topic is so large, the lying so massive, that there are good people who have spent years on their website to explore their specialised topic in great detail. My hat is off to these people!
There is so much to cover that in order to cover more, I feel that videos have to be posted here of me talking on various issues. The reason why I say that is, that it’s much faster than writing an article, as, with an article, there is the editing, spell-checking, and the general time it takes for me to type. But with a video (thought it would be more like an audio) there is none of that. So, look forward to some audio/videos being posted here.
Not all these topics will be on the Bible, so you’ll get some ‘secular conspiracies’ here, too. So, what is next?
As you know, if you read a previous Post, that I covered how usury/interest destroys a nation and what the Bible says the solution is. I covered this early in our conspiracy issues. I do hope you see how interest ruins an economy, and since the lack of money affect everyone, that is why I covered this topic as early as I did. As time goes on, I’ll pick another Bible topic that is not covered in the churches today. But I will also cover other areas that are ‘secular,’ if you will, that Christians should know about, such as what happened on September 11, 2001.
With all this in mind, let’s ‘put on the full amour of God’ and learn more truth.
